What theory did Madeleine Leininger introduce to nursing?

Madeleine Leininger is recognized for introducing the Cultural Care Theory of Diversity and Universality to nursing. This theory emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural factors in providing patient care. It posits that cultural background profoundly influences a person's health beliefs, practices, and responses to health care. By integrating cultural understanding into care, nurses can create more effective and individualized treatment plans that respect and align with the patient’s cultural preferences and values.

Leininger’s work highlights the need for nurses to be competent in cultural care and to recognize the diversity among patients while also identifying commonalities for universal care practices. This approach not only improves patient outcomes but also builds trust and rapport between the nurse and patient, fostering a holistic and patient-centered care environment.

The other theories mentioned, while significant in the field of nursing, focus on different aspects such as interpersonal relationships, humanistic perspectives, or organizational change, rather than specifically addressing the role of culture in nursing care.