Which of the following represents the empirical way of knowing according to Carper's Ways of Knowing?

The empirical way of knowing, as defined by Carper's Ways of Knowing, focuses on objective and measurable evidence, prioritizing scientific methods and quantifiable outcomes. This perspective relies on systematic observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning to derive knowledge. In the context of holistic nursing, this involves using evidence-based practices, research findings, and established facts to inform clinical decision-making and enhance patient care.

The emphasis is on the importance of positivity and reproducibility in research, which leads to a solid, scientific foundation for interventions and treatments in clinical settings. By valuing objective data, nurses can ensure that their practice is grounded in reliable evidence, ultimately improving patient outcomes and maintaining professional standards.

Other approaches to knowing, such as self-knowledge, obligations, or subjective experiences, represent different aspects of understanding and are important in holistic practice but do not align with the empirical approach that prioritizes objective and logical methods.